Direct link to YouTube video: https://youtu.be/KLlmeJQ_ie4

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Explanations + Extra Practice Activities!

WHO vs WHOM – Easy English Lesson

📝 In modern English, WHOM is not used much anymore. Most people prefer WHO in everyday speech. ✅
WHOM is still used in formal writing, for example:

• ✉️ Formal letters / Business writing
• 🎓 Academic papers / Research
• ⚖️ Legal documents
• 📖 Literature / Books

In this lesson, you’ll learn:

• When to use WHO (subject)
• When to use WHOM (object)
• Easy tricks for questions, prepositions, and relative clauses
• Many examples so you can practice

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1️⃣ WHO = Subject

• Who is the person doing the action.

Examples:
👨‍🦰 Who is calling? → He is calling.
👩‍🦰 Who wrote this book? → He wrote it.
🧑 Who is coming to the party? → He is coming.

✅ Trick: Answer the question → He = WHO

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2️⃣ WHOM = Object

• Whom is the person receiving the action.

Examples:
👨‍🦰 Whom did you call? → I called him.
👩‍🦰 Whom are you waiting for? → Waiting for him.
🧑 To whom should I give this letter? → Give it to him.

✅ Trick: Answer the question → Him = WHOM

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3️⃣ WHO vs WHOM in Questions

Question	Correct	Trick
👨‍🦰 ___ is coming to the meeting?	Who	He → WHO
👩‍🦰 ___ did you meet yesterday?	Whom	Him → WHOM
🧑 ___ called you last night?	Who	He → WHO
✉️ To ___ should I send the email?	Whom	Him → WHOM

💡 Spoken English: Most people say who instead of whom in casual speech:

• Who are you talking to? ✅

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4️⃣ WHO vs WHOM after Prepositions

• Prepositions = to, for, with, by…
• Use WHOM in formal English.

Formal examples:

• ✉️ To whom did you speak?
• 🎁 For whom is this gift?
• 🧳 With whom are you going?
• 📖 By whom was this book written?

Casual English: Move the preposition to the end and use WHO:

• Who did you speak to? ✅
• Who is this gift for? ✅
• Who are you going with? ✅

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5️⃣ WHO vs WHOM in Relative Clauses

Relative clause = extra information about a noun

Advanced trick:

Cannot remove → WHO (subject)
Can remove → WHOM (object, often removed in casual English)

Examples:

WHO = Subject (cannot remove)
👨‍🦰 The man who called me is my teacher → Cannot remove “who”
👩‍🦰 The girl who is singing is my friend → Cannot remove “who”

WHOM = Object (can remove)
👨‍🦰 The man whom I met is my teacher → Can remove “whom” → Can say “The man I met is my teacher”
👩‍🦰 The girl whom we invited is coming → Can remove “whom” → Can say “The girl we invited is coming”

✅ Casual English tip: If the relative pronoun “who/whom” can be removed, native speakers usually remove it:

• The man whom I met is my teacher. ✅→ The man I met is my teacher. ✅

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6️⃣ Quick Summary Table

Function	Use	Example	Spoken English
Subject	Who	👨‍🦰 Who is calling?	Same
Object	Whom	👩‍🦰 Whom did you call?	Often WHO
After prepositions	Whom	✉️ To whom did you speak?	Who did you speak to?
Relative clause (subject)	Who	👩‍🦰 The girl who is singing	Same
Relative clause (object)	Whom (can remove)	🧑 The girl whom we invited → The girl we invited	Often WHO

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7️⃣ Easy Trick for Students

• Questions & objects: Answer the question → He = WHO, Him = WHOM
• Relative clauses:
  • Cannot remove → WHO (subject)
  • Can remove → WHOM (object, often dropped in casual English)

Examples:

• The person ___ I met was kind → I met him → whom
• The person ___ called me was kind → He called me → who

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Extra Practice Activities

WHO vs WHOM Quiz – Beginner Level (10 Questions)

Instructions: Choose WHO or WHOM.

1. ___ is calling?
2. ___ wrote this book?
3. To ___ should I give this letter?
4. ___ are coming to the party?
5. ___ did you meet yesterday?
6. ___ is your best friend?
7. For ___ is this gift?
8. ___ called you last night?
9. ___ is singing in the classroom?
10. ___ do you want to invite?

Answer Key:

1. Who
2. Who
3. Whom
4. Who
5. Whom
6. Who
7. Whom
8. Who
9. Who
10. Whom

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WHO vs WHOM Quiz – Intermediate Level (10 Questions)

Instructions: Fill in the blank with WHO or WHOM.

1. The man ___ is standing over there is my teacher.
2. The woman ___ I met yesterday is very kind.
3. ___ do you usually talk to at school?
4. To ___ should I send this email?
5. The boy ___ plays football is my brother.
6. ___ did you call last night?
7. The girl ___ we invited is coming to the party.
8. ___ is responsible for this project?
9. With ___ are you going to the cinema?
10. The person ___ helped me was very friendly.

Answer Key:

1. Who
2. Whom
3. Who
4. Whom
5. Who
6. Whom
7. Whom
8. Who
9. Whom
10. Who

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WHO vs WHOM Quiz – Advanced Level (10 Questions)

Instructions: Choose WHO or WHOM. Pay attention to formal vs casual English and relative clauses.

1. The professor ___ we spoke with yesterday is an expert in law.
2. To ___ it may concern: please find the report attached.
3. The writer ___ wrote this novel won a prize.
4. The candidate ___ we interviewed will start next week.
5. ___ do you think will win the competition?
6. The lawyer ___ handled my case was excellent.
7. With ___ are you discussing the contract?
8. The person ___ called me last night was my old friend.
9. For ___ is this document intended?
10. The scientist ___ discovered this formula is famous worldwide.

Answer Key:

1. Whom
2. Whom
3. Who
4. Whom
5. Who
6. Who
7. Whom
8. Who
9. Whom
10. Who

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WHO vs WHOM Quiz – Formal / Professional Level (10 Questions)

Instructions: Fill in the blank with WHO or WHOM. Focus on formal English.

1. To ___ it may concern: please find the enclosed report. ✉️
2. The researcher ___ conducted the experiment published her findings in the journal. 🎓
3. The lawyer ___ represented the client successfully is highly experienced. ⚖️
4. The candidate ___ the committee interviewed will begin next month.
5. To ___ should we address this official letter? ✉️
6. The professor ___ the students consulted about their thesis provided detailed feedback. 🎓
7. The judge ___ presided over the case retired last year. ⚖️
8. The scientist ___ the team invited to the conference gave an important presentation. 🎓
9. With ___ should I coordinate the legal documents? ⚖️
10. The author ___ the editor contacted revised the manuscript promptly. ✉️

Answer Key:

1. Whom
2. Who
3. Who
4. Whom
5. Whom
6. Who
7. Who
8. Who
9. Whom
10. Whom

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WHO vs WHOM Quiz – Formal / Professional Level 2 (10 Questions)

Instructions: Fill in the blank with WHO or WHOM. Focus on formal English usage.

1. The committee ___ reviewed the proposal provided valuable feedback. 🎓
2. To ___ it may concern: we request your urgent attention regarding this matter. ✉️
3. The attorney ___ represented the client argued the case brilliantly. ⚖️
4. The editor ___ we contacted requested further revisions to the manuscript. ✉️
5. The researcher ___ the team cited in the article received an award. 🎓
6. The judge ___ presided over the trial delivered a fair verdict. ⚖️
7. With ___ should we discuss the contractual terms? ⚖️
8. The author ___ submitted the paper last week will present it at the conference. 🎓
9. For ___ should this official notification be sent? ✉️
10. The advisor ___ guided the students through their thesis was highly appreciated. 🎓

Answer Key:

1. Who
2. Whom
3. Who
4. Whom
5. Whom
6. Who
7. Whom
8. Who
9. Whom
10. Who

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